Important Differentials for IVFA Findings

Findings on IVFA may correlate with various etiologies, use this page as a summary for common differential diagnosis of these findings

    • Vascular with Ischemia

      • Proliferative diabetic retinopathy

      • Retinal Vein Occlusion (Central/Branch)

      • Retinal Artery Occlusion (Central/Branch)

      • Sickle cell retinopathy

      • Radiation retinopathy

      • FEVR, Coats, Eales

      • IRVAN

      • ROP

    • Inflammatory Disease with Ischemia

      • Birdshot chorioretinopahty

      • MS

      • Retinal vasculitis

      • Sarcoidosis

      • Susac Syndrome

      • Toxoplasmosis

      • Posterior Uveitis

    • Other

      • Chronic RD

      • Incontinentia pigmenti

      • Retinitis Pigmentosa

      • Retinoschisis

    • Degenerative

      • Age-related macular degeneration

      • Myopic Degeneration

      • Angiod Streaks

    • Heredodegnerative

      • Vitelliform Maculopathy

      • Fundus flacimaculatus

      • Optic Nerve Head Drusen

    • Inflammatory (Posterior Uveitis)

      • PODS

      • Multifocal Choroiditis

      • Serpiginous choroiditis

      • Toxocariasis

      • Toxoplasmosis

      • Rubella

      • VKH

      • Behcet

      • SO

    • Tumours

      • Choical hemangioma

      • Choroidal Mets

      • Harmartoma of the RPA

    • Iatrogenic/Traumatic

      • Choroidal rupture

      • PRP (intense)

    • Idiopathic CNVM

  • Petalloid CME is characterized by a petal-shaped pattern of cystoid spaces radiating from the fovea. It is due to the oblique orientation of neuronal synapse sin the outer plexiform layer.

    • Retinal vein occlusion - BRVO or CRVO

    • Proliferative and non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy

    • Chronic anterior uveitis

    • Type 2 macular telangiectasia

    • Wet AMD

  • Diffuse cystoid spaces without petal-like configuration.

    • Mild to moderate diabetic retinopathy

    • Retinal artery occlusion - BRAO or CRAO

    • Vitreomacular traction

    • Occular ischemic syndrome

    • Wet AMD

    • Chronic uveitis

    • Post-surgical CME following cataracts

    • Diabetic retinopathy

    • Hypertensive retinopathy

    • Papilledema

    • Optic neuritis

    • Retinal vein occlusion

    • Choroidal neovascularization

    • Uveitis

    • Optic nerve drusen